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Isiphumo sePiezoelectric

Xa ezinye ii-dielectrics ziphazamiseka ngokusebenzisa amandla kwicala elithile, iintlawulo zenziwa kwindawo ethile, kwaye xa amandla angaphandle asusiwe, abuyela kwimeko engahlawulwanga. Lo mcimbi ubizwa ngokuba yi-positive piezoelectric effect. Xa intsimi yombane isetyenziswe kwi-polarization direction ye-dielectric, i-dielectric iya kuvelisa ukuguqulwa komatshini okanye uxinzelelo lomatshini kwindlela ethile. Xa indawo yombane yangaphandle isusiwe, i-deformation okanye uxinzelelo luya kunyamalala, olubizwa ngokuba yi-inverse piezoelectric effect.

Piezoelectric element

Inzwa ye-Piezoelectric yinzwa yomzimba kunye nenzwa yokuvelisa amandla. Izinto ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo i-piezoelectric yi-Shi Ying crystal (SiO2 _ 2) kunye neeramics ze-piezoelectric zokwenziwa.

I-piezoelectric constant ye-piezoelectric ceramics ngamaxesha amaninzi i-crystal ye-Shi Ying, kwaye uvakalelo lwayo luphezulu.

4) i-photoelectric transducer

1. isiphumo sombane

Xa ukukhanya kukhanyisa into, inokuthathwa njengoluhlu lweefotoni ezinamandla ebhobhoza into. Ukuba amandla eefotoni makhulu ngokwaneleyo, ii-electron ezingaphakathi kwi-substance ziya kulahla imiqobo yamandla angaphakathi kwaye zibe neziphumo zombane ezihambelanayo, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-photoelectric effect.

I-1) Ngaphantsi kwesenzo sokukhanya, isenzeko sokuba ii-electron zibaleke kumphezulu wento ibizwa ngokuba yi-photoelectric effect yangaphandle, njenge-photoelectric tube kunye ne-photomultiplier tube.

2) Ngaphantsi kwesenzo sokukhanya, isiganeko sokuba ukuchasana kwento eguqukayo kubizwa ngokuba yi-photoelectric effect yangaphakathi, njenge-photoresistor, photodiode, phototransistor kunye ne-phototransistor.

3) Ngaphantsi kwesenzo sokukhanya, into ivelisa amandla e-electromotive kwicala elithile, elibizwa ngokuba yi-photovoltaic phenomenon, njenge-photovoltaic cell (isixhobo esivakalelwa kwindawo yesiganeko sokukhanya kwendawo kwi-photosensitive surface).

2 Isixhasi sefotosensitive

Xa i-photoresistor ikhanyisa ukukhanya, ii-electron zifuduka ukuze zivelise izibini ze-electron-hole, nto leyo eyenza ukuxhathisa kuncinci. Okona kunamandla ukukhanya, kokukhona ukuchasana kusezantsi. Ukukhanya kwesiganeko kuyanyamalala, isibini se-electron-hole sibuyela, kwaye ixabiso lokumelana ngokuthe ngcembe libuyela kwixabiso layo lokuqala.

3. ityhubhu ene-photosensitive

Iityhubhu ze-Photosensitive (i-photodiode, i-phototransistor, i-phototransistor, njl.) zezezixhobo ze-semiconductor.

4. Electroluminescence

I-luminescence phenomenon eveliswa yizinto eziluqilima ze-luminescent phantsi kwe-excitation yentsimi yombane ibizwa ngokuba yi-electroluminescence. I-Electroluminescence yinkqubo yokuguqula ngokuthe ngqo amandla ombane abe ngamandla okukhanya. I-Diode ekhupha ukukhanya (i-LED) sisixhobo se-semiconductor se-electroluminescent esinezixhobo ezikhethekileyo. Xa i-PN junction ihamba phambili, amandla angaphezulu aveliswa ngenxa ye-electron-hole recombination, ekhutshwa ngendlela yeefotoni kwaye ikhupha ukukhanya.